main printed feature: woodcut

Woodcuts are illustrations printed by carving away areas from a block of wood, leaving the areas standing in relief to print when the block is inked. They were used throughout the hand-press period, and range in artistic quality to crude to elegant.

Gerard, Herball, 1633 (4y2r)

Even in 1633, the same woodblock is being used to print this illustration of the corn-cockle.

Holinshed, Chronicles, 1577 (b2v)

As is the case with many large chronicles, the woodcut illustrations here are reused throughout the book.

Holinshed, Chronicles, 1577, pub. Bishop (¶1r)

In some cases, when a group of publishers together paid for a work to be printed, the work would be printed with different states of the title page, each publisher being named separately. Here, although a group of men collaborated to pay for the publication of Holinshed's Chronicles, this state of the title page lists only Lucas Harrison as the publisher (compare to this copy of the work).

Holinshed, Chronicles, 1577, pub. Harrison (¶1r)

In some cases, when a group of publishers together paid for a work to be printed, the work would be printed with different states of the title page, each publisher being named separately. Here, although a group of men collaborated to pay for the publication of Holinshed's Chronicles, this state of the title page lists only Lucas Harrison as the publisher (compare to this copy of the work).

Jacobus, Golden Legend, 1472 (fol. 2r)

The text of this German edition of The Golden Legend of Saints starts off with an equivalent to "incipit": "Hie hebt sich an das Sumer Teil der Heyligen Leben..." ("Here begins the Summer Part of the Holy Lives..."). A hand-colored portrait of Jacobus writing his work follows.

Jacobus, Golden Legend, 1472 (fol. 5r)

The start of the life of Saint Mary of Egypt is marked off by a hand-colored woodcut illustrating her life. Like other books from the earliest years of printing, this does not use many of the printed features that become standard, including headlines, paragraph breaks, signature marks, or catchwords.

Kats, Ma’aseh Toviyah, 1708 (π1r)

This title page combines both Hebrew and roman type, indicating its origin at a Hebrew print studio in Venice. The main part of the title reads, "Part one of the book of worlds or Ma'aseh Toviyah containing the four worlds. And it is divided into five parts. The first part describes the world above, that is the spiritual world. The second the world of the middle, that is the world of the planets. The third is the lower world that is our world. The fourth is the small world, that is The Man. The fifth in the foundations of the world."

Keimer, Elegy, 1723 (1r)

Because broadsides weren't typically bound into books but rather distributed as single sheets, they often have very high loss rates. This is the only known copy of Keimer's Elegy, which Benjamin Franklin describes in his Autobiography as having unusually been composed as Keimer set the type. This was the first work that Keimer published in America, and Franklin's first known printing job in Philadelphia.

Mattioli, Herbarz, 1562 (fol. CXXXVIr)

A hand-colored illustration of a lettuce plant from a Czech translation of Mattioli's herbal.

Meyerpeck, woodblock

One of the woodblocks carved by Wolfgang Meyerpeck to illustrate this 1562 Czech edition of Mattioli's herbal.